Synchrotron X-ray footprinting (XF or XFP) provides a new method for studying macromolecular structures in the native solution state. XFP technique employs broadband hard X-ray beams to generate hydroxyl radicals in solution, thus subsequently covalently modifying amino acid side chains of protein structure and cleaving the phosphodiester backbone of nucleic acids.

           High flux of synchrotron X-ray beams produce hydroxyl radicals for X-ray footprinting experiments to study structural information and conformational changes of...